Bladder cancer is one of the most common types of cancer affecting the urinary system, ranking tenth globally among the most prevalent cancers. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, more than 600,000 new cases are diagnosed annually, with 220,000 deaths resulting from the disease. Bladder cancer is more common in men than women, but it can affect anyone, especially with aging.

Bladder cancer has high survival rates if diagnosed early, making awareness of its causes and symptoms crucial for early detection and preventive measures.

Causes of Bladder Cancer

While the exact cause of bladder cancer is not entirely clear, several factors can increase the risk of developing the disease, including:

• Smoking: One of the leading risk factors, as harmful chemicals accumulate in urine, damaging the bladder lining. Studies show that smokers are 2-3 times more likely to develop bladder cancer than non-smokers.
• Exposure to chemicals: Long-term exposure to substances such as dyes, rubber, leather, and heavy metals increases the risk, particularly among workers in the chemical industry.
• Chronic infections: Frequent or chronic bladder infections, such as recurrent urinary tract infections, may cause changes in bladder cells, making them more susceptible to cancerous transformation.
• Genetic factors: While rare, a family history of bladder cancer may increase the likelihood of developing the disease.
• Previous radiation or chemotherapy treatment: Prior exposure to radiation therapy or certain chemotherapy drugs for other conditions may raise the risk of bladder cancer.

Symptoms of Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer symptoms can be similar to other urinary system disorders, so it’s essential to watch for any unusual changes, such as:

• Blood in the urine (Hematuria): The most common symptom, which may appear intermittently or persistently.
• Pain or burning sensation while urinating: This may indicate abnormal changes in the bladder.
• Frequent urination or an urgent need to urinate: Even when the bladder is empty.
• Pelvic or lower back pain: Particularly in advanced cases of the disease.

If any of these symptoms appear, it is recommended to consult a doctor for necessary tests and ensure urinary system health.

Ways to Prevent Bladder Cancer

Although there is no definitive way to prevent bladder cancer, certain healthy habits can help reduce the risk, such as:

1. Quitting smoking: Smoking accounts for 50% of bladder cancer cases in men and 35% in women, making it one of the most significant risk factors.
2. Drinking plenty of water: Staying hydrated helps flush out toxins and reduces the concentration of harmful substances in the bladder.
3. Following a healthy diet: Fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants can protect cells from damage.
4. Avoiding exposure to hazardous chemicals: If working in an environment with harmful substances, it is advisable to use protective gear and follow safety regulations.

Bladder Cancer Treatment

The choice of treatment depends on the stage and type of bladder cancer. The main treatment options include:

• Surgery: Partial or complete removal of the tumor, and in some cases, the entire bladder may be removed and replaced with an artificial urinary diversion system.
• Chemotherapy: Used to kill cancer cells and may be given before surgery to shrink the tumor or after surgery to eliminate remaining cancerous cells.
• Radiation therapy: Uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells.
• Immunotherapy: Applied in advanced cases to boost the immune system’s ability to fight cancer cells.

The Importance of Early Detection

Early detection of bladder cancer significantly improves survival rates. When diagnosed at early stages, the survival rate can be as high as 90%. Therefore, individuals at high risk, such as smokers or those with a family history of bladder cancer, should undergo regular medical check-ups.

Conclusion

Bladder cancer is a disease that can be partially prevented by avoiding risk factors such as smoking and exposure to harmful chemicals. Additionally, early detection plays a vital role in the success of treatment and improving survival rates. Raising awareness about this disease and ensuring regular medical screenings when symptoms appear are essential steps toward better health.